ios app开发如何应用设计模式中的命令模式-kb88凯时官网登录

时间:2023-04-15
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命令模式封装一个请求或行为作为一个对象。封装的请求比原的更加灵活,可以在对象之间传递,储存,动态修改,或放入一个队列。

那么让我们简要的说一下命令模式的特点。

  • 它能比较容易地设计一个命令队列;
  • 在需要的情况下,可以较容易地将命令记入日志;
  • 允许接收请求地一方决定是否要否决请求;
  • 可以容易地实现对请求地撤销和重做;
  • 由于加进新地具体命令类不影响其他的类,因此增加新的具体命令类很容易;
  • 把请求一个操作的对象与知道怎么执行一个操作的对象分隔开。

下面给出基本的类结构图:

上面这张图是命令模式的类结构的基本图。其实从这张图中还可以扩展出很多,细节就不说了,给大家留一些想象的空间,呵呵!

还是老规矩,下面给出实例:

objective-c 示例:

command:


//
//  nimocommand.h
//  commanddemo
//
 
#import
 
@protocol nimocommand
 
- (void)execute;
 
@end


concretecommand:


//
//  nimoconcretecommand.h
//  commanddemo
//
#import
#import "nimocommand.h"
@class nimoreceiver;
 
@interface nimoconcretecommand : nsobject
 
@property (nonatomic) nimoreceiver *receiver;
 
- (id)initwithreceiver:(nimoreceiver *)receiver;
 
@end
//
//  nimoconcretecommand.m
//  commanddemo
//
 
#import "nimoconcretecommand.h"
#import "nimoreceiver.h"
 
 
@implementation nimoconcretecommand
 
- (void)execute
{
    [_receiver action];
}
 
- (id)initwithreceiver:(nimoreceiver *)receiver
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _receiver = receiver;
    }
    
    return self;
}
 
@end


receiver:


//
//  nimoreceiver.h
//  commanddemo
//

 

#import
 
@interface nimoreceiver : nsobject
 
- (void)action;
 
@end


//
//  nimoreceiver.m
//  commanddemo
//

 

#import "nimoreceiver.h"
 
@implementation nimoreceiver
 
- (void)action
{
    nslog(@"实际执行");
}
 
@end


invoker:


//
//  nimoinvoker.h
//  commanddemo
//
 
#import
#import "nimocommand.h"
 
@interface nimoinvoker : nsobject
 
@property (nonatomic, weak) id command;
 
- (void)executecommand;
 
@end
//
//  nimoinvoker.m
//  commanddemo
//
 
#import "nimoinvoker.h"
 
 
@implementation nimoinvoker
 
- (void)executecommand
{
    [_command execute];
}
 
@end


client:


//
//  main.m
//  commanddemo
//

 

#import
#import "nimoreceiver.h"
#import "nimoinvoker.h"
#import "nimoconcretecommand.h"
 
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
       
        nimoreceiver *receiver = [[nimoreceiver alloc] init];
        nimoconcretecommand *command = [[nimoconcretecommand alloc] initwithreceiver:receiver];
        
        nimoinvoker *invoker = [[nimoinvoker alloc] init];
        invoker.command = command;
        [invoker executecommand];
        
    }
    return 0;
}


running:

2015-08-13 22:49:56.412 commanddemo[1385:43303] 实际执行

cocoa touch框架中的命令模式:

nsinvocation对象

如下示例,client没有直接调用receiver的方法,而是用nsinvocation对象封装了运行时库向receiver发送执行消息所需的所有必要信息,这里的nsinvocation对象类似于上文中的concretecommand对象。

receiver:


//
//  nimoreceiver.h
//  invocationdemo
//

 

#import
 
@interface nimoreceiver : nsobject
 
- (int)printwithname:(nsstring *)name gender:(nsstring *)gender age:(int)age;
 
@end


//
//  nimoreceiver.m
//  invocationdemo
//

 

#import "nimoreceiver.h"
 
@implementation nimoreceiver
 
- (int)printwithname:(nsstring *)name gender:(nsstring *)gender age:(int)age
{
    nslog(@"my name is %@, %@, %d years old.", name, gender, age);
    return 119;
}
 
@end


client:


//
//  main.m
//  invocationdemo
//

 

#import
#import "nimoreceiver.h"
 
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        
        //用receiver的实例创建nsinvocation对象,并把receiver的action作为选择器
        nimoreceiver *receiver = [[nimoreceiver alloc] init];
        nsstring *name = @"lee";
        nsstring *gender = @"male";
        int age = 28;
        sel sel = @selector(printwithname:gender:age:);
        nsmethodsignature *methodsignature = [[receiver class] instancemethodsignatureforselector:sel];
        nsinvocation *invocation = [nsinvocation invocationwithmethodsignature:methodsignature];
        [invocation settarget:receiver];
        [invocation setselector:sel];
        [invocation setargument:&name atindex:2];
        [invocation setargument:&gender atindex:3];
        [invocation setargument:&age atindex:4];
        [invocation retainarguments];
        [invocation invoke]; //通过调用nsinvocation对象的invoke方法,完成对receiver中action的调用
        
        int returnvalue = 0;
        [invocation getreturnvalue:&returnvalue];
        
        nslog(@"returnvalue: %d", returnvalue);
    }
    return 0;
}


running:

2015-08-14 13:37:44.162 invocationdemo[1049:36632] my name is lee, male, 28 years old.
2015-08-14 13:37:44.164 invocationdemo[1049:36632] returnvalue: 119

其实,单从类关系图中可以简单的看出,命令模式其实是把需求(invoker)和具体实现(receiver)通过命令层(command)进行了解耦。具体实现过程根据不同的命令进行了区分。

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